Different Perspectives of People’s Feelings

The Killing Circle: The Deferent Perspectives on Peoples Feelings Everyday around the globe numerous awful, and shocking violations occur were not every person Is mindful of each and every wrongdoing. Regardless of whether It Is a burglary, a grabbing, a homicide or even an instance of missing books to somebody who might be listening It makes a difference, however to others it may not. In the novel, The Killing Circle the creator Andrew Paper shows that when something terrible happens it keeps an eye on possibly influence an individual if that individual were in that circumstance, or has a friend or family member in that present circumstance contrasted with society were individuals would just not care at all.An model this circumstance, in actuality, would be suppose a fisher men's little girl was killed and as a dad he is crushed. Presently to that fisher man's family this is a terrible second in their lives, realizing that an individual that they genuinely, profoundly thought about is currently gone until the end of time. Presently to society the greater part of them may not know about this occasion, or know and Just not care on the grounds that those individuals It may not influence them by and by as It would to the fisher men's family.This tale has a comparable occasion were arbitrary homicides occur, and the shopping center opponent Patrick Rush couldn't care less about what's going on In his city and he goes not care of what befell those individuals that kicked the bucket, until his unrivaled child is hijacked by the secretive Sandman. Andrew Paper shows that what an individual feels while losing somebody near them is totally unique for what society or somebody not as close may experience and builds up this topic by utilizing Patrick Rush's circumstance as an example.To start, everybody knows when anything large or little happens one approach to discover would be most likely watching or perusing the news. Despite the fact that the news is a useful for givi ng individuals data on ongoing occasions, it is likewise something that harms the hearts f the groups of which the news could be about. Andrew Paper shows that when something transpires near you It Is excruciating, yet to somebody In the media It Is something that individual can adventure and use to their benefit.He utilizes Imagery to cause the perusers To envision a situation that which the perusers can feel how both a relative may feel and somebody in the public eye. For instance, Mom can Imagine. A dad loses his child at the motion pictures, the kid grabbed away in the time it takes to purchase sausages and onion rings-it's a late spring end of the week news editorial manager's blessing from heaven. (Paper, 265) This model shows the dad that lost his child would be crushed, stressed, and furious that it occurred, however this story for the news editorial manager is something he might use as the following top story in his article.Taking it above and beyond it even shows that when individuals in the general public tune in to this news most may not give it a second thought and that little sum that cares will gradually begin to not mind also, yet the family that lost their child will care constantly until he would return securely home. Relating this to day by day life there are numerous instances of when news watchmen exploit the most exceedingly terrible circumstances Just to improve rating for their show. For instance, channel 6 news was attempting to get out some Information on what befell this teenager who was shot out of her mother.For a parent that simply lost their girl the exact opposite thing the parent's would need around then would be a journalist irritating them that is the reason that youngsters mother blew up and answered † ‘K, that is acceptable' when requested a response to her little girl's shooting, yet then out of nowhere flung a stone at ABACA picture taker Marc Jackson† (Zimmerman, Para 3). This shows even t a circumstanc e like this the reports do anything it takes to get some uplifting news for their watchers, regardless of whether it harms the hearts of the poor families.Furthermore, close to the finish of the book as expressed Patrick Rush's child disappears, and in such cases numerous individuals in this normal society would just abandon either scanning for him or as of now might suspect his child would be dead. In this circumstance the perusers can envision what Patrick is experiencing, in his perspective he permits the perusing to detect how he is feeling by saying â€Å"There's the shots of nearby volunteers going after pieces of information, for body parts.And there's the dad, his skin dotted and springy as cereal, vigorously arguing for his young men safe return† (Paper, 265). This shows the volunteers in the general public are as of now scanning for pieces of information, and Andrew Paper determines that the volunteers are looking for body parts implying that the volunteers should a s of now be accepting that Patriot's child to be dead. Patrick then again is feeling discouraged, as though he can't move any longer without him, as though his skin feeling like it will soften, asking for his child to return safe.The perusers can feel cap Patrick is in torment, and plainly the volunteers assisting with finding the kid are not, therefore demonstrating that a what a family experiences is totally not quite the same as what others in this normal society would experience. This contention could be identified with an ongoing catastrophe that occurred in Toronto where a man named Tim Bosom was succumbed to a gathering of malice individuals that killed him over a couple vehicles.A barely any vehicles were recuperated by the police, and an announcement was given by a proprietor of one of the vehicles. He said â€Å"it's Just a bicycle,' MacDougall said. ‘It's nothing contrasted with what the Bosoms are experiencing now. They'll never get Tim back. ‘This is pitifu l, truly sad† (Casey, Para 6). Mr.. MacDougall realizes that what the Bosoms are experiencing is troublesome, and numerous individuals in Toronto presumably didn't know about this episode that happened, and don't feel what the Bosom family is going through.Thus, this ongoing occasion assists with demonstrating that no one but families can see how it feels when you lose somebody since they are so near him, contrasted again with society where individuals Just don't have that equivalent individual association. At last, Patrick shows that individuals that possibly individuals that are near you really if the primary and distress when you are no more. In spite of the fact that he understands this after his child is hijacked, he despite everything shows that he currently sees how it feels to lose somebody, and why others beside him may not. Patrick says â€Å"Harm will in general originate from when you lose ones you know the best† (Paper, 267).Here Andrew Paper utilizes what Patrick said to show that solitary when an individual loses somebody near them is the point at which that individual would encounter any kind of enthusiastic sentiments; contrasted with somebody that probably won't realize that individual to well and may not experience a similar sort of emotions that somebody that was near that individual experiences. Looking outside the book, everybody on the planet is terrified of losing somebody that is near them; by looking on the web you can discover a large number of statements or Just conventional individuals that have shared this inclination. For instance, an obscure individual said â€Å"I'm consistently terrified of losing somebody near me†¦ ND Ted up to being told ‘it'll be tine† (Losing Someone jog Death Quotes, 4). The statement said by a mysterious source is essentially saying that losing somebody near you can be extremely frightening or in any event, discouraging Just to consider, and individuals around you may not f eel equivalent to you do. This is Just one assessment of the lions of individuals on the planet, and Andrew Paper being one is attempting his hardest to demonstrate that just if an individual that loses somebody near them experiences totally unexpected sentiments in comparison to an individual not as close goes through.In end, Andrew Paper utilizing this novel to help demonstrate that the feelings someone shares while losing somebody dear to them is totally extraordinary for somebody that isn't near that individual. By utilizing Patrick Rush's circumstance as a principle model he assisted with demonstrating this proposition, and by contrasting it with outside sources in this paper the perusers currently are absolutely clear on his message. Anybody would be panicked to try and consider losing somebody like their sibling, sister, mother or father, or even their dearest friend.What the creator needed to show is that solitary individuals near that individual that may have passed on or d isappeared feel the torment and others don't. The genuine instances of Tim Bosom, the mother that lost her little girl, and numerous individuals around the globe assisted with demonstrating this theory, and the primary message Andrew was attempting to get over. Each and every individual who was perused his books will comprehend Andrew Peer's message, however just when the perusers were to experience a similar perfect or circumstance is the point at which they will genuinely authenticity he significance of how sentiments are diverse for each person.

Leadership: An argument for advances in its development

Human progress and its accomplishments, similar to the wheel, depend on the center of authority. The ebb and tide of world domains point to the reins dealt with or pulled by people who apply force and impact. In this nation, and even in the remainder of the world, the affirmations and significance of authority is re-stressed from numerous points of view in light of the quickly advancing standards that accept a progressively inescapable job in the general public.  This is the time of authoritative revolution.The time is set apart with quick moves in the demography of our workforce, changing corporate culture, and evolving associations. Authoritative structures have become progressively perplexing and new structures have been created (Block, 1981). The administration or authority of individuals has never been as significant and vital than at any other time. Today, it is viewed as a focal figure and the way to efficiency and quality particularly in an exceptionally serious society. In the light of the quick move in today’s association, the aptitudes expected of human asset administrators, learners in the calling and in any event, hopeful understudies in the order, lay on the establishment of information all in all range of HR the executives, explicitly the board speculations applied in the setting (Kline and Saunders, 1993).The requirement for an increasingly productive, efficient and fair administration of the individuals in the business or association has never been as articulated as it is today. This need has never been realized by factors which definitely influence not just the built up structures and methods of getting things done inside the work force region yet in addition by the more significant and considerable assignment of dealing with the organization’s most significant resource †the human capital. Among these elements are: stiffer rivalry in business; fast changes in mechanical, serious and monetary situations; the blast of specia lized and administrative information; spiraling compensation and advantages cost thus numerous others. These components have no uncertainty been liable for the rise of the staff work as an essential region in the execution of corporate system (Bruffee, 1993).The contentions set out in this paper turns around the subject of administration: there have been proceeded with significant headways in the advancements of fundamental authority hypotheses in the previous 200 years.  One of the confirmations just is the hypothesis advanced by Dr. Elliot Jacques, the incomparable Canadian therapist. Hypotheses proliferate in regards to points of view of administration. When Elliot Jacques built up the idea of imperative association; it filled in as a brought together entire framework model for what he regarded successful administrative leadership.Some of the center convictions in Jacques framework, for example, suggest that individuals should be remunerated based on their individual inclinatio n or abilities and foreknowledge and to what extent it was before their judgment could be confirmed. Jacques additionally felt that where initiative masters or outer expert like the ODs are concerned, these are just assessed and likened with speculative chemistry: as such these don't include genuine ideas or exact or careful definitions yet rather are considered as garbage and inauthentic without a doubt. Jacques influence fixates on a lot of what he calls as â€Å"maximum measure of individual responsibility† and energizes on all aspects of the association, or group so far as that is concerned, to be partners and in this way have a state in the issues at hand.In hierarchical conduct which is essential to the administration of human asset, it focuses to the request and use of finding out about how individuals, people, and gatherings perform, work, and work in associations. It achieves this by methods for receiving a framework approach (Demick and Miller, 1993). Expressly, it construes human association undertakings as far as the whole individual, bunch totality, complete association, and all out social structure. Its will probably set up upgrade relations by accomplishing human objectives, authoritative purposes, and social objectives (Kanter, 1999). In such a milieu, the objectives to impact change are affected by a few huge components which are significant to the general outcomes. Subsequently, there are normal administration practices that keep up force during the change procedure (Demick and Miller, 1993).This key framework model set forth by Jacques is a precise way to deal with dealing with the human capital.â Those who study and utilize that information in selective settings are properly depicted as experts; in them lies the central core of the calling. Mechanical age foundations search for routine and propensity achieved through normalized measures. Complex obligations are part into basic advances that are appointed to authoritative situations to ensure that representatives are both compatible and easily supplanted. Bureaucratic orders are probably going to regard demonstrated assessment of explicit parts of complex administrative undertakings. Taking into account this, the image of initiative is as a general rule changing as the picture of associations changes. Examination learns the individuals who require preparing and what abilities or execution upgrades are assigned. Points and objectives set the limitation for the instructional layout and help achieve the suitable learning results (Kincheloe, 1991).Peter Northouse, creator of Leadership: Theory and Practice watched the recovery of a widely inclusive abilities based model of authority recognized by a guide for how to arrive at productive initiative in associations (Northouse, 2004). He suggested that the characterization of explicit aptitudes which can be improved via preparing has a natural intrigue: â€Å"When administration is encircled as a lot of abilities, it turns into a procedure that individuals can study and practice to turn out to be better at their jobs† (Northouse, 2004).He additionally recommends that despite the fact that the abilities based methodology claims not to be a characteristic model, it incorporates singular qualities that look an extraordinary arrangement like attributes. The demonstration of administration is additionally an activity of good thinking. In their book Unmasking Administrative Evil, Guy Adams and Danny Balfour alert against hoisting the logical investigative mentality higher than every single other type of objectivity. Indeed, even as the ascent of â€Å"technical levelheadedness drove unavoidably to specific, master information, the very life blood of the professional,† it likewise â€Å"spawned unintended results in the territories of ethics and morals as the science-based specialized sanity subverted regularizing decisions and consigned moral contemplations to afterthoughts† (Adam s and Balfour, 2004).Distinguished researcher Ronald Heifetz then again, built up a meaning of initiative that considers. He keeps up that we should take a gander at authority as in excess of a way to authoritative adequacy. Productivity implies getting feasible choices that execute the objectives of the association. â€Å"This definition has the advantage of being commonly relevant, however it gives no genuine manual for decide the nature or development of those goals.† (Heifetz, 1994).â Heifetz proceeded to state that qualities, for example, â€Å"liberty, fairness, human government assistance, equity, and community† are instilled with top notch pioneers (Heifetz, 1994). It is a need at that point, the implantation of these standards into the pioneer and from the pioneer into the organization.Reference:1. Adams, Guy B. and Danny L. Balfour, 2004.â Unmasking Administrative Evil (Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, pp. 31-36.Beckhard, R. 1969. Association Development: Stra tegies and Models, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Authorizations Department, 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ07030 USA. Square, Peter, Flawless Consulting: A Guide to Getting Your Expertise Used, University  â â â â â â Associates, San Diego, CA 1981. Bruffee, Kenneth A. Community Learning: Higher Education, Interdependence, and  â the Authority of Knowledge. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 1993. Demick, J. what's more, Miller, P., Development in the Workplace, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,  â â Publishers, New Jersey, 1993. Heifetz, Ronald A., 1994. Administration Without Easy Answers (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, pp. 21-22. Northouse, Peter G. 2004. Initiative Theory and Practice. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage, pp. 35-52.

Tips for Explaining a Parents Addiction to Children

Tips for Explaining a Parent's Addiction to Children Addiction Coping and Recovery Methods and Support Print Explaining a Parents Addiction to Children By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Aron Janssen, MD on November 27, 2019 linkedin Aron Janssen, MD is board certified in child, adolescent, and adult psychiatry and is the vice chair of child and adolescent psychiatry Northwestern University.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Aron Janssen, MD Updated on February 19, 2020 Eric Audras / Getty Images More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Methods and Support Overcoming Addiction Personal Stories Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Children living in homes where there is parental substance abuse can find life difficult, unpredictable and confusing. Sometimes they even believe the alcohol or drug abuse is their fault. Dealing with the chaos and unpredictability of their home life, children can receive inconsistent messages. Children can feel guilt and shame trying to keep the family secrets. Often they feel abandoned due to the emotional unavailability of their parents. What to Tell Children About Substance Abuse in the Family If the family breaks up because of substance abuse, children may be removed from the home. Children who live with a parent who abuses alcohol or other substances may  become withdrawn and shy while others can become explosive and violent.?? They often develop issues with self-esteem, attachment, autonomy, and trust. What do you tell children when one or both of their parents are alcoholics or addicts? How do you explain the chaos? First and foremost, because trust is almost always an issue, you tell them the truth. According to the National Association for Children of Alcoholics (NACoA), there are four messages that children, with parents who are alcoholics or addicts, need to hear: Addiction is a disease, you cant control your parents drinking, youre not alone, and you can talk about it.?? Addiction Is a Disease When they are drunk or high, sometimes parents can do things that are mean or things that dont make sense. Children need to know that their parents are not bad people, they are sick people who have a disease. Its Not Your Fault Children must understand that they are not the reason a parent drinks too much or abuses drugs. They did not cause the addiction and they cannot stop it. You Are Not Alone Children need to realize that their situation is not unique and they are not alone. Millions of children have parents who are addicted to drugs or who are alcoholics. They need to know that, even in their own school, there are other children in the same situation. Its Okay to Talk Children in homes with substance abuse need to know that its okay to talk about the problem without having to feel scared, ashamed or embarrassed. Children no longer have to lie, cover up, and keep secrets. They should be encouraged to talk to someone that they trust â€" a teacher, counselor, foster parent, or members of a peer support group such as Alateen. The Seven Cs NACoA also suggests that children dealing with family addiction learn and use the following 7 Cs of Addiction: I didnt cause it.I cant cure it.I cant control it.I can care for myselfBy communicating my feelings,Making healthy choices, andBy celebrating myself. Children from homes where there is parental substance abuse are often scared, lonely and many times feel isolated from society. Whether you deliver the message perfectly or not, giving them someone with whom they can talk is an important step in their recovery. Alcoholism: A Family Disease

My Teaching Philosophy Is Based On The Belief That...

My teaching philosophy is based on the belief that students should be presented with many opportunities to read, be able to construct meaning from their experiences with literature and think critically about it. It is important that I be an effective teacher by emphasizing higher-order meaning construction more than lower-ordered skills, maximizing reading opportunities, integrating reading and writing with multiple subject areas and providing opportunities to discuss what was read (Cunningham, 2011, pg. 2). In my classroom, I want to acknowledge and support each student as an individual learner, engage the students’ interest and demonstrate the relevance of reading and writing to their lives, participate as a fellow learner with students and promote critical thinking and creativity. I will encourage students to develop and share their own responses in class discussions and writing assignments. I will attempt to promote the students’ personal involvement with cours e activities and assignments in order to create enthusiastic, independent readers. I will give each student personal attention and become acquainted with his/her educational needs. My goal is to get students to function competently and independently at their literary level by supplying them with information, models from which they can apply new concepts and skills training. A literacy foundation should be built, followed by developing fluency, teaching phonics and spelling patterns, building vivid, vital andShow MoreRelatedMy Philosophy On The Philosophy Of Education844 Words   |  4 Pageseverything must be brought to the simplest of terms. I base my teaching philosophy on the foundation that every student is capable of learning mathematics. I will strive, as a teacher, to ensure that my students are able to have a strong foundation of mathematical skills when they leave my classroom. 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My view on education and my experience withRead MoreA Professional Philosophy For Teaching Family And Consumer Sciences2204 Words   |  9 PagesWood April 5, 2015 A Professional Philosophy for Teaching Family and Consumer Sciences Teaching is not merely about methods used and material presented in the classroom, but about shaping students’ lives to help them construct a firm foundation for a successful future. I desire to teach my students basic life skills as well as challenge them to set and reach their highest goals. Thinking about teaching and learning The purpose of education is to prepare students for their futures with both knowledge

Managing Sustainability For Building Sustainable...

There’s growing interest in both general and business sectors for building sustainable organizations. More and more big companies are investing big money on retaining employees, providing gorgeous working environment and creating unique company culture. â€Å"Placing sustainability as central to business strategy and top management support can be viewed as fundamental drivers to an enduring, successful path to sustainable management† (HR’s Role in Building a Sustainable Enterprise: Insights From Some of the World’s Best Companies, 2007). We’ll talk about the HR’s role in building a sustainable enterprise and give two examples of how the IT giant Google and the ubiquitous retailer Walmart do their job to keep their people and what does that mean to their whole business and future development. Introduction As of the progress of society and technology development, sustainability has become a critical issue for the whole world as well as for the business. Although sustainability may mean different things for different people, the ultimate goal is to â€Å"meet the needs of people today without compromising The ability of future generations to meet their own needs† (World Business Council for Sustainable Development, 2005). For business, it means â€Å"company’s ability to achieve its business goals and increase long term shareholder value by integrating economic, environmental and social opportunities into its business strategies† (Symposium on Sustainability, 2001). ThereShow MoreRelatedSustainable Education And Green Campus Design Creating A Marketing Value For The Universities1498 Words   |  6 PagesTOPIC: Sustainable Higher Education Development in Turkey through Participation-Empowerment of the Community and Green Campus Design Creating a Marketing Value for the Universities. Sub-topics: 1. Sustainable Architecture Definition 2. Sustainable Initiatives/Policies 3. Social Sustainability 4. Sustainable Architecture as Branding 6. 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Tv Series N Fashion Free Essays

Television is a cultural reference point for most of us, a type of shorthand that makes it easy to carry on a conversation. Columnist Ellen Goodman wrote that to those born since the baby boom of the late ‘40s, â€Å"All history begins with television. † We compare ourselves to those on TV; we change how we dress and cut our hair and talk based on the latest television trend. We will write a custom essay sample on Tv Series N Fashion or any similar topic only for you Order Now Viewers pick up catch phrases and turn them into side-splitting party parodies that in turn become part of our culture. For decades, almost ever since the inception of the television, the two have seemed to influence each other. In the ’60s, Jacqueline Kennedy was seen as a fashion icon after bringing style to the White House. News reports focused almost as much on her wardrobe as on her husband’s dealings as president of the country. Diane Keaton brought thrift store couture to a whole new level with her now-famous â€Å"Annie Hall† look of menswear with a twist of femininity and Madonna changed the way the world viewed undergarments worn as clothing with her videos on MTV in the ’80s. Today’s small-screen fashion icons range from the geek chic of the â€Å"Ugly Betty† characters to the vampire- and dark-influenced â€Å"True Blood† to the retro teachers and students on the ever-popular â€Å"Glee† to the chic girls on â€Å"Gossip Girl. † â€Å"TV and fashion are inseparable,† said MeeAe Oh-Ranck, a fashion designer and professor at Philadelphia University and Pennsylvania College of Art Design in Lancaster city. â€Å"Some of the shows have had such a huge impact on sharing fashion with the world. â€Å" Shows like â€Å"Sex and the City,† â€Å"Ugly Betty† and â€Å"Glee† are at the top of Oh-Ranck’s fashion-influencing list. They illustrate how fashion and television help each other by making looks popular that may have been questioned in the past, she said. â€Å"Geek chic has become an acceptable form of fashion because of shows like ‘Ugly Betty,’ † said Oh-Ranck said. â€Å"It shows that being a geek is acceptable,† Oh-Ranck said. â€Å"It shows that there is fashion everywhere, and it’s up to each person to create her own style. The breakdown for the geek chic look is heavy glasses, braces, slim pants and mismatching colors and prints. (pic: famous tv sitcom – Ugly Betty) Another popular look stolen from the small screen is the â€Å"Gossip Girl† glam of a layered casual look with funky accessories and cocktail dresses. Park City Center store Charlotte Russe carries the Eric Daman for Charlotte Russe c ollection, which is actually designed by â€Å"Gossip Girl† stylist Eric Daman. The line features party dresses, shoes and accessories, according to a CW Network press release. The line was launched Oct. 4 and everything in it is priced under $50. According to David Hacker, vice president of trend and color for Kohl’s, â€Å"popular television shows like ‘Gossip Girl’ typically feature the most up-to-date looks and accessories which help viewers translate fashion forward, runway ensembles into hip, everyday looks. † For teens and 20-somethings, the jury is out on whether some of the TV characters’ fashions are acceptable or not. Recently, â€Å"Glee† and â€Å"Gossip Girl† stylists came under fire for the not-so-modest dresses and attire worn by many of the characters on the shows. Some of MTV’s shows have escaped the critical radar, even though the fashions are very similar and show just as much skin. â€Å"Feminine details, lace and embellishment rule the screen this holiday season,† Hacker said. â€Å"Take cues from Addison on ‘Private Practice’ or Rachel on ‘Glee’ and layer your lace and ruffle-trimmed top under a LC Lauren Conrad motorcycle jacket or cardigan to create a lingerie-inspired look. † However, the main fashion characters on â€Å"Glee† — Rachel and teacher Emma — are found on the conservative side of the spectrum with their classic, almost retro look. Rachel sports a prep-school inspired look during school scenes with girlie skirts, ruffles and fun, quirky accessories. Emma, the doe-eyed, red-head teacher, wears layers, pencil skirts, cropped cardigans and Mary Jane-inspired chunky heels. It’s during the musical acts that the tight, and sometimes revealing, clothes are worn by the characters and critics have questioned the appropriateness given the show airs at 8 p. m. , when the younger generations can still be exposed to the not-so-conservative clothes. Left is Rachel from the famous TV sitcom Glee, Right is Emma from Glee) Although many teens and 20-somethings look to TV and movies for fashion inspiration, Oh-Ranck encourages them to develop their own fashion sense and says it’s OK to use these characters as influence and inspiration, but that they should try to find a fashion voice of their own. â€Å"It’s great to borrow some of the pieces of these looks,† Oh-Ranck said. â€Å"But adapt it into yo ur own personal style and have fun with fashion. † Top 10 most influential Style and Fashion TV shows Pop culture in general has greatly influenced the styles and  fashion  of today. Popular TV shows in particular have helped mould the way fads and  trends  have evolved to what they are today. Below are some of the most influential shows that have set the tone for what’s in and what’s out in the fashion world. The Fashion Show This show offers viewers a chance to look into what will soon be hitting the runways from the hottest new designers. It incorporates the most popular up-and-coming designers and some friendly competition. Trends are born on every episode. Project Runway One of the pioneers in reality fashion is Project Runway with its iconic Tim Gunn and the ever-popular Heidi Klum. This show takes designers for a whorl wind adventure through the trials and tribulations of making it in the fashion industry. The audience gets to see first-hand where  style  comes from. What Not To Wear This series is a raw, in your face tour through what not to wear. Participant’s closets are stripped down to bare hangers and empty shelves and are forced to start with the basics with fashion experts coaching them the entire way. Informative and entertaining, this show gives you your ashion medicine for the day. Gossip Girl This hot and steamy series takes a look at the life and styles of affluent young people in New  York City. Aside from the drama and betrayal, this show exhibits the lattest styles directly from Fifth Ave. Keeping Up With The Kardashians The Kardashian clan has made a spectacle of themselves in many ways but fashion is a subject where t hey have excelled. The women of this show are decked out in the hottest trends from noon to night and spare no expense at parading around with their immaculate taste for fashion on permanent display. The Real Housewives Series Through the many series, the styles were as outlandish as the cat fights. Straight from the styles of the rich and wanna-be famous, the woman of all the seasons of The Real Housewives franchise showed viewers how to dress in style yet act like a bull in a china shop. America’s Next Top Model Although this series’ main focus is the journey of aspiring models, the fashion trends shown come in a close second. As they worked with the hottest designers on the market, these young woman flaunt fashions unlike anything you see window-shopping. Sex and The City Perhaps the most iconic fashion show of its time, Sex and The City paved the way for all trendy shows to come. With its varying styles amongst the women, this show presented New York trends in a way that felt as if we could all reach them one day. Fashion Star With a new spin on the traditional reality fashion show; this series gives designers the opportunity to showcase their lines for actual buyers from some of the biggest retails in the market. Fashion star gives viewers the ability to view what will be hot and what stores they can find their favourite styles at. How to cite Tv Series N Fashion, Essay examples

Puritan And Native American Conflict Essay Research free essay sample

Puritan And Native American Conflict Essay, Research Paper Puritans were members of a spiritual and societal motion of the 1500? s and 1600? s. This motion had its roots in England and spread to America. Puritanism, as this motion was called, affected the societal, the political, and the spiritual facets these people? s lives. It besides affected the environing peoples in similar ways. The Bible led the Puritans? lives. Anything a Puritan did had to stay by the Bible. They even judged people by the Bible. One group of people the Puritans judged below the belt was the Native Americans. They were labeled barbarians for grounds merely justified by the Puritans. The Native Americans manner of life was considered? uncivilized. ? The chief ground why they were considered barbarians was that the Bible of the Puritans did non take their lives. The Native American and Puritan spiritual beliefs were highly different. The Puritans thought that a individual should non make anything on Sunday, but go to church and pray. We will write a custom essay sample on Puritan And Native American Conflict Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Native Americans did many activities such as Hunt, and attend societal meetings. The Native Americans did non like the Puritans for other grounds. This is because the Puritans kept traveling west into Native American land. The Puritans thought it to be their land, and the Native Americans were merely pushed west. Besides, their petroleum manners, manner of frock, and linguistic communication were really different. The Puritans thought that anyone tha T was non precisely like them, or did non make the same activities they did was against good ; hence, they did non like them. Besides, they thought all other were departures to Hell. Other things that made the Puritans prejudice against the Native Americans were that they were non good groomed or educated. The Native Americans were non the lone people that were considered to be barbarians or judged below the belt by the Puritans. Many of their other environing neighbours were besides judged in an unjust mode merely because of their differences. Today in America many races and people are judged below the belt. These include races such as Mexicans, African Americans, and other foreign people. Mexicans have stereotypes that are by and large non true to all of them. They get stereotypes such as being hapless, dirty, and holding blue-collar occupations. African Americans are besides to a great extent stereotypes people. Today many people have biases against all sorts of people. Some are judged below the belt do to race or even faith. Plants Cited # 8220 ; American Indians # 8221 ; , Microsoft Encarta. Microsoft Corporation. Funk A ; Wagnall # 8217 ; s Corporation, 1993. # 8220 ; Puritanism # 8221 ; , Microsoft Encarta. Microsoft Corporation. Funk A ; Wagnall # 8217 ; s Corporation, 1993. # 8220 ; Puritans? , World Book Information Finder. World Book. World Book, Inc, 1995. # 8220 ; Indian, American ( Religion ) ? , World Book Information Finder. World Book. World Book, Inc, 1995.

Designer Shoe Warehouse, Inc. (DSW) Essays - DSW, Inc., DSW

Designer Shoe Warehouse, Inc. (DSW) Essays - DSW, Inc., DSW Company Overview A look into the background of Designer Shoe Warehouse Page 3 Target Audience Who are we targeting with this campaign? Page 11 Strategy Statement How are we going to speak to the target audience? Page 13 Designer Shoe Warehouse Kaitlyn Reeves IMC 615: Creative Strategy 2. 2 Table of Contents Company Overview.............................................................................................. 3 SWOT Analysis.................................................................................................... 7 Target Audience.................................................................................................. 11 Strategy Statement..............................................................................................13 Creative Brief (Print).......................................................................................... 14 Print Executions................................................................................................. 15 Creative Brief (Other)......................................................................................... 21 TV, Radio, & Internet Executions....................................................................... 22 Creative Brief (Non-traditional).......................... ................................................. 25 Non-traditional Executions................................................................................. 26 Digital Components............................................................................................ 30 References......................................................................................................... 35 3. 3 Company Overview Designer Shoe Warehouse, Inc. (DSW) is a national retailer of brand name and designer footwear and accessories for men, women, and children. Currently, DSW has 366 stores throughout 41 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. Their core mission focuses on variety, price, and ease of shopping, specifically: To create a distinctive shopping experience that satisfies both the rational and emotional shopping needs of our DSW customers by offering them a vast, exciting assortment of in-season styles combined with the convenience and value they desire. (Investor Information, n.d.) Founded in 1969, under the name of Shonac Corporation, a joint venture between two families, the Schottensteins and the Nachts, the companys initial purpose was to manage the shoe departments in other retail stores, which it did for more than 20 years (DSW, Inc., n.d.). It wasnt until 1991 that the first store was opened under the DSW name. The first store was located in Dublin, O hio, just outside of Columbus, and soon expanded into the Midwest and Northeast (DSW, Inc., n.d.). A typical DSW store averages 22,000 square feet and boasts nearly 24,000 pairs of shoes (Investor Information, n.d.). What made DSW stand out from other discount warehouse shoe retailers was the product offering: rather than mass-marketed shoe brands, DSW offered designer-brand shoes at a discount (DSW, Inc., n.d.). 4. 4 DSW employs several forms of media in order to communicate with its consumers. Besides traditional print and television advertisements, DSW has a strong presence in social media. DSW operates its Facebook page, where its members, who are affectionately termed Shoe Lovers, can discuss all things shoes, receive style updates, and even participate in contests to win free shoes. DSWs Twitter profile mirrors that of its Facebook counterpart, also offering style tips and the chance to win free shoes every Friday. E-commerce is an area in which the company excels. In August 2011, DSW began offering childrens shoes, which are exclusively available for purchase online. In addition to childrens shoes, DSW.com also offers customers a wider array of styles and sizes of footwear (SWOT Analysis, 2012, p. 7). Although DSW.com is already optimized for use on mobile devices, the company plans to launch its own mobile app in 2013 (Joe, 2012). A major marketing success for the company and its con sumers is the DSW Rewards program. DSW Rewards is a free loyalty program that allows members to earn points on every purchase, and once a certain number of points is reached, the customer receives a $10 rewards certificate in the mail. Currently the only way to receive certificates is via mail, so this could be something DSW can improve on. Rewards members also receive other perks, such as double points events, birthday certificates, and free shipping. The program has over 20 million members and DSW Rewards members account for 90% of transactions, therefore providing information on almost all of its customers. 5. 5 Speaking of customers, DSW segments its target audience by behavior, rather than demographics, allowing DSW to personalize its marketing communications. By breaking its customers into behavior groups, DSW is able to better decide what types of promotions and deals it sends, as well as the way it send those promotions. Kelly Cook, Senior Vice President of marketing for DSW, breaks consumers into ten categories: multi-category, loves the classics, fashion- focused, classic deal-seekers, fashion on a budget, man of the house, online shoppers, shopping bag fillers, return trippers, and shoe fanatics. For example, a woman from the multi-category group prefers not only shoes, but scarves and other accessories as well, so she would be sent promotions pertaining to all types of products. On the

Ionic Radius Trends in the Periodic Table

Ionic Radius Trends in the Periodic Table The ionic radius of the elements exhibits trends in the periodic table. In general: Ionic radius increases as you move from top to bottom on the periodic table.Ionic radius decreases as you move across the periodic table, from left to right. Although ionic radius and atomic radius do not mean exactly the same thing, the trend applies to atomic radius as well as to ionic radius. Key Takeaways: Ionic Radius Trend on Periodic Table The ionic radius is half the distance between atomic ions in a crystal lattice. To find the value, ions are treated as if they were hard spheres.The size of an elements ionic radius follows a predictable trend on the periodic table.As you move down a column or group, ionic radius increases. This is because each row adds a new electron shell.Ionic radius decreases moving from left to right across a row or period. More protons are added, but the outer valence shell remains the same, so the positively charged nucleus draws in the electrons more tightly. But, for the nonmetallic elements, ionic radius increases because there are more electrons than protons.While the atomic radius follows a similar trend, ions may be larger or smaller than neutral atoms. Ionic Radius and Group Why does radius increase with higher atomic numbers in a group? As you move down a group in the periodic table, additional layers of electrons are being added, which naturally causes the ionic radius to increase as you move down the periodic table. Ionic Radius and Period It might seem counterintuitive that the size of an ion would decrease as you add more protons, neutrons, and electrons in a period, yet, theres an explanation for this. As you move across a row of period of the periodic table, the ionic radius decreases for metals forming cations, as the metals lose their outer electron orbitals. The ionic radius increases for nonmetals as the effective nuclear charge decreases due to the number of electrons exceeding the number of protons. Ionic Radius and Atomic Radius The ionic radius is different from the atomic radius of an element. Positive ions are smaller than their uncharged atoms. Negative ions are larger than their neutral atoms. Sources Pauling, L. The Nature of the Chemical Bond. 3rd ed. Cornell University Press, 1960.Wasastjerna, J. A. On the radii of ions.  Comm. Phys.-Math., Soc. Sci. Fenn.  vol. 1, no. 38, pp. 1–25, 1923.

Scientific Misconduct Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Scientific Misconduct - Essay Example Misconduct in the scientific research totally damages the good will of any research that has been. This has greatly ruined the scientific advancement and the professional success in the field of science and research. The wrong doers are prone to heavy penalties if found guilty and may be sanction and even serve jail term as the law indicates. The misconduct represents itself in many forms, (D’angelo p 86). These can be seen from the journals, scientific press and the many institutions accredited to the scientific research. There have been many paradigm theories and ways on how to investigate, who to investigate and the legal actions for anyone found guilty of the scientific misconduct. There has been cleavage as to who to determine this egregious fakery, duplication and even plagiarism the field of science. This paper reworks on the areas that can be useful in determination of the culprits. The political and cultural environment was the first to raise the red flag. The context here is that Americans have over time held the scientist, as people of high caliber, with vast knowledge that do offer solutions. Economically and socially they are valued as people of great importance, (D’angelo p 77). Any tempest in the field of scientific research would bring our economy on its knees. There has to be a lot of care and due diligence that needs to be put in place to main stability in this field. Integrity in the field of science must be upheld. The research has to give credible results that hold water at the end of the day. Failure to provide this vital component would lead as a total violation of the laid out procedures and this will be termed as scientific misconduct. This integrity issue has to be encouraged and motivated to give yields to the multinational credible research institutes, (D’angelo p 98). Congressional attention to have a detailed report in scientific

Prokaryotuc and eukarytotic cell & endocrine and exocine glands Essay - 1

Prokaryotuc and eukarytotic cell & endocrine and exocine glands - Essay Example Prokaryotic cells only have a plasma membrane while eukaryotic cells have organelles with membranes such as nuclear membrane (Campbell and Farrell 15). No nucleus is present in prokaryotic cells but there is a nuclear region with the help of which, the cell takes all its controlling directions. In addition, prokaryotes also have a single molecule of DNA that is circular in shape. Nucleus is the most important and unique part of eukaryotic cells and maximum DNA of the cell is present in the nucleus and multiple molecules are present (Campbell and Farrell 16). In prokaryotes, DNA is located in the nuclear region that does not have any membrane while in eukaryotes, DNA is enclosed in Nucleus covered by nuclear envelope (Black 80). Cell division in prokaryotic cells takes place through binary fission while in eukaryotic cells, reproduction is with the processes of mitosis and meiosis. In prokaryotic cells, only asexual reproduction takes place while in eukaryotic cells, asexual as well as sexual reproduction take place (Black 80). Prokaryotes as well as eukaryotes can be autotrophic (generating food themselves) as well as heterotrophic (getting food from other sources). Examples of prokaryotes are bacteria while plants and animals can be taken as examples of eukaryotes. Human body contains a system called endocrine system containing glands responsible for discharging their secretions. Endocrine glands are responsible for discharging their secretions within the body while exocrine glands secrete on the body surface. Endocrine glands secrete internally while exocrine glands secrete externally. The secretions that are secreted by the glands are the hormones (Clark 229). Exocrine glands secrete with the support of ducts while in endocrine glands, no distinct ducts are present for transferring secretions due to which, endocrine glands secrete

The Monetary And Fiscal Policies Of Portugal Economics Essay

The Monetary And Fiscal Policies Of Portugal Economics Essay I. Introduction: Portugal macroeconomic situation before the crisis. Despite economic and financial crises seem to be regarded as unusual and rare, in reality they are common events. Particularly, Portugal has already seen its worst financial crisis in 1891. This crisis led Portugal to abandon the gold standard and the country was banned from borrowing in international financial markets during 20 years (Lains, 2007, p. 485). Since then, Portugal has radically changed, however, its weakness in facing the crises has remained. During the last economic and financial crisis that started in August 2008, the Portuguese economy was caught in the middle of a period of adjustment during which was already facing up to the need to correct its fiscal and external imbalances within a phase of low growth with pro-cyclical policies (Torres, 2009, p.55). This period started in the second half of 1990s with the accession to the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and was characterized by an economic boom which was followed by a slump. As a matter of fact, Blanchard (2007, p.1), two years before the crisis, stated that the Portuguese economy is in serious trouble: Productivity growth is anemic. Growth is very low. The budget deficit is large. The current account deficit is very large. Although, from 1995 to 2001, Portugal was in a catching-up phase benefiting from positive wealth effects of EMU (lower interest rates which supported the increase of the domestic demand), the current account deficit rose drastically and the unemployment rate fell to about 4% (figure 1). The reason behind the increase in the current account deficit was, indeed, the low level of unemployment which boosted the nominal wages to increase more than the labour productivity provoking a huge raise in unit labour cost and a decline in competitiveness. Moreover, the indebtedness of households and non-financial enterprises was increasing because of the elimination of the exchange rate risk, the access to the euro bond market, and the lower interest rates, both nominal and real, set by the European Central Bank (Blanchard, 2007). As result, from 2000 to 2003, savings dropped and investments increased, therefore the current account deficit slightly decreased. The Portuguese economy slowed down and then contracted in 2003. The subsequent slump was the result of the large imbalances built up during the phase of boom. For instance, the high levels of consumption were not counterbalanced by the supply which had to deal with low productivity growth and increasing unit labour costs. As a matter of fact, figure 1 shows a combined upward trend of unemployment and current account deficit between 2003 and 2005, and the attempt to reverse it through the budgetary consolidation process re-assumed by the socialist majority government elected in 2005 (Blanchard, 2007) (Torres, 2009). To sum up, table 1 and table 2 offer an overview of the macroeconomic imbalances during the phase of the boom 1995-2000 and the one of the slump 2001-2007. Table 1. Macroeconomic evolutions, 1995-2001. Source: Blanchard (2007) Table 2. Actual and projected Macroeconomic evolutions, 2001-2007. Source: Blanchard (2007) The growth rate was rather high in the timeframe 1995-2000, then, since 2001 it started falling in the subsequent years. The current account and the budget surplus were in deficit over the whole observed period and the productivity growth started to be very low since the year 2000 causing the raise of the unit labour cost. It was important to describe the macroeconomic situation of Portugal prior to the crisis in order to explain, in the next sections, how those problems have been aggravated since 2008. In fact, the phase of slump was prolonged by the financial crisis occurred in 2008. II. Policy Responses Prior to analyze the European and Portuguese policy responses to the major financial crisis that the whole world is facing since 1929, it is essential to point out what kind of crisis our society is dealing with. The main cause of the crisis may be ascribed to the crisis of derivative market in the United States. In particularly, it started from the so-called subprime mortgage crisis which was the result of a speculative bubble in the housing market in the United States. Starting from the United Stated, it has spread by causing ruptures across many other countries in the form of financial failures and a global credit crunch. The main (systemic) Portuguese banks seem not to be particularly exposed to the so-called financial toxic assets and, unlike in Ireland or Spain, there was no speculative bubble in the housing market in Portugal nor is there a subprime segment in the credit to the housing sector. (Banco do Portugal, 2008 as cited in Torres 2009) However, according to Torres (2009, p.56): Portugal, a small economy fully integrated in economic and financial terms, is particularly affected by the global financial crisis and economic recession. This is not so much due to the international exposure of the Portuguese banking sector (the Iceland syndrome) but primarily to the countrys long protracted correction of its fiscal and external imbalances, which worsen its creditworthiness and aggravate the costs of servicing the debt and the countrys perceived risk of insolvency (an Argentinean type of problem, without the risk of a currency crisis as long as the eurozone remains in place). One of the main consequences of the financial crisis was, indeed, the credit crunch. During the last decades, the European banking system has changed from a system where the bank was the intermediary for investments between families and factories, into a new system where there are large money-centre banks which play the role of the intermediary amongst regional banks, in other words, they distribute funds among regional banks. The banking crisis has occurred in Europe because of two related reasons. The large money-centre banks that provide the backbone of the inter-bank lending market are undercapitalised. With their low capitalisation, they are vulnerable to even small swings in market conditions. Any liquidity problem, thus, turns almost immediately into a solvency problem. Because of this vulnerability they did not trust each other, thus paralysing the inter-bank market. 2.1 European Policy Responses For the Euro-area countries, the monetary policy is unique and conducted by the European Central bank (ECB). Since the atmosphere of mistrust, caused by the crisis, was no longer confined to the interbank market, but it was also spreading among ordinary citizens and consumers, the European policy-makers figured out that one possible solution was to put into effect measures which contain two elements in order to restart the interbank lending: support for the liquidity management of banks and bank re-capitalisation. The first element concerns the extraordinary measures taken at European level and the second one the bank rescue measures adopted at national level. As a matter of fact, firstly, the ECB has been reducing the rate for its main refinancing operations from 4,25% to 1,5%, in the timeframe October 2008 March 2009, in order to prevent contagion by providing short-term liquidity support on the interbank markets. Such interest rate cuts have provided significant relief to the highly indebted Portuguese economy (Torres, 2009). However, if Portugal could have managed the monetary policy on its own, probably it would have set a lower interest rate which combined with the initiative for strengthening financial stability (discussed in detail in the next section) could have led to the reestablishment of bank lending standards at pre-crisis level. In other words, the upward trend of the credit diffusion index, starting in the last quarter of 2008, could have continued to increase instead of contracting in 2009 (figure 3). Moreover, a dramatic reduction in real interest rates is the main channel through which fiscal consolidation can increase demand in the short run. Since this is not the case for Portugal, as the nominal interest rate is determined for the eurozone as a whole, while a deficit reduction is needed, it would be unwise to expect it to lead, by itself, to higher demand and lower unemployment à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ to a boom in investment, and through capital accumulation, to a substantial improvement in competitiveness (Blanchard, 2007, p.8-9). Secondly, the ECB has promoted coordination and cooperation between national supervisors through the European System of Central Banks Banking Supervision Committee. As result, the promoted cooperation engaged both the Euro-area and the European Union (EU) in an expansionary coordinated anti-cyclical fiscal stance (Torres, 2009, pp. 56-59). To further improve the EU coordinated approach, the European Commissions response was to launch the European Economic Recovery Plan (EERP) whose strategic aims is to avoid a deep recession by promoting a counter-cyclical macro-economic response to the crisis in the form of an ambitious set of actions to support the real economy. The plan consisted of an immediate budgetary stimulus amounting to 1.5% of EU GDP, a number of priority actions, grounded in the Lisbon Strategy, and designed at the same time to adapt our economies to long-term challenges, continuing to implement structural reforms aimed at raising potential growth and a set of EU guidelines to be followed by the member States (European Commission, 2008). According to Bà ©nassy-Quà ©rà © et al. (2009, p.39), out-of-ordinary methods are used in a financial crisis because: the traditional transmission of policy rates to lending rates is hampered by the dysfunctional state of money markets. This happens at two levels: first, the interbank rate (the rate at which banks lend liquidity to each other) diverges from the central banks policy rate because banks fearing counterparty default price risk accordingly; second, the spread between the commercial banks lending rate and the interbank rate increases both because of higher risk premiums and because banks seek to increase their profits. According to Meier (2009, p. 6), a switch to unconventional policy may be motivated by the severe turmoil in credit markets. With the financial sector in crisis, policy rate cuts are not only constrained by the zero bound, but may also be less effective than during normal times. The reason is the sharp tightening of credit conditions, as lenders have curtailed loan supply and certain sources of capital market funding have all but disappeared. Indeed, such dislocations can provide a rationale for launching unconventional policies even before interest rates hit the lower bound. In sum, unconventional monetary policies serve both as a complement and as an extension of standard operations centered around the setting of short-term interest rates. One of the unconventional actions is the so-called outright asset purchase, a technique to decrease the discrepancy between interbank and lending rates. Furthermore, Meier (2009) provides a categorization of such operations, distinguishing between qualitative easing, as sterilized interventions that do not involve an increase in the central banks balance sheet, and quantitative easing, as unsterilized interventions implying an increase in base money. Unlike the US and the UK, in the Eurozone the direct purchase of government debt instruments is forbidden by art. 101 of the EC Treaty, therefore quantitative easing is not contemplated. Figure 2 shows how liquidity provisions and out-of-the-ordinary policies, adopted by ECB, Federal Reserve (FED) and Bank of England (BOE), increased the size of the central banks balance sheets. Assets hold by the ECB are about 50% lower than FED and BOE because they executes quantitative ease operations (Bà ©nassy-Quà ©rà © et al. 2009, pp. 42-44). 2.2 Portuguese Policy Responses With the financial crisis Portugal has re-focused its economic policy from budgetary consolidation to an anti-cyclical budgetary policy effort to support households, investment, employment and, last but not least, to strengthen financial stability (MFAP 2009 as cited in Torres 2009). At the end of 2008, to guarantee stability of the financial system and to safeguard the households deposits held by credit institutions, the Portuguese government, following the trend of the other member states, decided to save two banks: the Banco Portuguà ªs de Negà ²cios (BPN) and the Banco Privado Portuguà ªs (BPP). In particular, BPN was nationalized and BPP was granted a guarantee for a bank loan provided by a group of banks. Although the dimension of those banks was small, the government feared that the potential loss incurred by many small depositors could generate a run of bank depositors in general, putting at risk the stability of the financial system (Torres, 2009, p.61). The second measure to strengthen financial stability was taken in October 2008 when the Portuguese Ministry of finance and public administration announced the endorsement of the Initiative for strengthening financial stability (ISFS) in order to respond to the substantial external shock, to which it was being subject, due to severe liquidity restrictions in international financial and money markets. The ISFS was aim to enhance conditions for credit institutions access to liquidity in financial markets and was based on granting State guarantees for the financing of credit institutions. According to MFAP(2008), this Initiative: (i) Enhances the confidence in the domestic financial system; (ii) Permits timely intervention adapted to market conditions; (iii) Is temporary, remaining effective only while market conditions have not returned to normal; (iv) Safeguards the interest of depositors and taxpayers; (v) Allows the shareholders and managers of banks to be held accountable whenever necessary and fosters the adoption of good corporate governance principles, in accordance with best international practices; (vi) Safeguards the interests of the market in general and a level playing field among competitors, in particular. According to Torres (2009, p. 60), the aim of the coordinated guarantees on new issuance of bank debt was to address funding problems of liquidity-constrained but solvent banks. Thus, this initiative was a viable and less costly source of funding to allow banks to issue new debts. A third measure was to take advantage of the increased flexibility of the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) to pay outstanding state debts under the form of a program for the extraordinary settlement of the states debts to suppliers (Council of Ministers Resolution no. 191-A/2008 of 27 November as cited in Torres 2009). However, in my opinion the results of those initiatives were rather limited. I can, indeed, argue that, in Portugal, bank lending standards are tightening. In support to my opinion, figure 3 provides an evidence: the largest observed swing occurred from the last quarter of 2007 to the last one of 2008 when the diffusion index dropped sharply to the minimum observed value, representing the credit crunch. To evaluate the effects of the ISFS it is sufficient to look at the trend starting from the last quarter of 2008, the upswing lasts for only a quarter to stabilize at the level of about minus 45% compared to the pre-crisis conditions. The 19th of January 2009, the Portuguese government updated the Stability and growth Program for 2008-11. Following the EU guidelines concerning EERP, the government incorporated in the SGP program the Investment and Employment Initiative Program (IEIP), as fully consistent with the National Reform Plan for 2008-2010 (within the framework of the Lisbon Strategy), as it also aimed at contributing to addressing the countrys structural weaknesses. The draft law creating the IEIP was composed of five structural measures including several projects or actions to support households and businesses next to those aimed at combating the rise in interest rates and in the price of raw materials and food products and credit restrictions, which had already been envisaged in the state budget for 2009.. The IEIP was expected to have a budgetary impact of about 0.8 per cent of GDP in 2009 (about 0.5 increase in expenditure and 0.3 reduction in revenue in percentage of GDP). The five measures were: modernization of schools; fostering renewable energies, energy efficiency and energy transmission infrastructure; modernization of technological infrastructure and new generation broadband networks; special support to economic activity, exports and SME; protecting employment and strengthening social protection (Torres, 2009). 1). Higher investment in human capital help to avoid the risk of depression of productivity performance. In Portugal the educational attainment of the working-age population is low and the intergenerational educational mobility has been sluggish. Furthermore, the international student performance survey (PISA) shows that Portuguese students are below the OECD average (figure 4). To increase efficiency, the smallest schools have been closed and changes to the teachers timetable are allowing a more efficient allocation of human resources. Moreover, upper-secondary education has been diversified to incorporate technical and vocational courses (OECD 2009). and 3). Portugal might take advantage of the temporary increase in spending under the recovery plan to promote a leap forward to new competitive green goods and technologies. There is a clear case for the world, and for the EU to maintain its leadership in the process, and even more so for a small country like Portugal, to address climate change and the financial crisis at the same time by building up a competitive basis for sustainable development (Torres, 2009, p.66). Activity collapsed at the end of 2008 under the weight of the global economic crisis. The huge decline in external demand was caused by the falling activity in a number of Portugals major export markets, particularly Spain which accounts for about 25% of portuguese total exports. Moreover, insufficient harmonization of regulations with major trading partners seem to have impeded trade, particularly in services. Despite the governments announcement of additional revenue measures the deterioration in economic activity without further reductions in government outlays, or a more rapid economic upturn, means that the budget deficit could rise above 4.5% in 2010 and to increase further in 2011. The deterioration in economic activity was partly caused by the administrative burdens on business. Starting, running, and closing a business have been hampered by onerous regulation, including a cumbersome licensing regime that has weakened competition and, thus, productivity growth throughout the economy (OECD, 2008, 2009a, 2009c; European Commission 2009). Figure 5 provides evidence that Portuguese burden on business in the form of regulation are higher than EU average. Productivity growth has been sluggish during the last decade, lagging behind the OECD average with a decreasing trend since 1990 (figure 6), partly on account of labour market rigidities such as high employment protection and insufficient human capital accumulation. Those weaknesses have led to a further widening of the large productivity gap with respect to the Eurozone. The protection of workers against individual dismissal has been the most restrictive in the OECD, with very cumbersome procedures, as clearly highlighted in figure 7. The new legislation put forward by the Portuguese government is aimed to significantly simplify dismissal procedures. However, protection of regular workers against dismissals will remain more restrictive than in the average OECD country. Therefore, it is essential to enforce the reform measures because tighter credit conditions, weak exports, and subdued internal demand depressed business investment in 2009 and led to a labour shedding and an increase in the unemployment rate which is projected to reach a double-digit rate in 2010 (OECD , 2008, 2009c; European Commission 2009). According to Blanchard (2007), Portugal is today in a scenario of Competitive disinflation, defined as a period of sustained high unemployment, leading to lower nominal wage growth until relative unit labor cost have decreased, competitiveness has improved, the current account deficit has decreased, and demand and output have recovered. If we look at the Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) of a country, an instrument which can be used to assess price or cost competitiveness relative to the position of the countrys principal competitors, it is easy to notice that Portugal has substantially lost competitiveness against Germany since 1995 (figure 8). A rise in the index means a loss of competitiveness taking into account productivity changes via the movement in comparative unit costs (Hugh, 2009). Therefore, as this trend is going on since 15 years it is hard to invert it without huge efforts and structural reforms. In the context of the budgetary policy, in 2008, Portugal has also taken action to reduce taxes through the cut of one percentage point of the VAT rate, the creation of a general corporate income tax rate of 12,5% and the reduction of advance income tax payments for SME (State Budget, 2009). Nevertheless, the fiscal position has deteriorated significantly in 2009 reflecting weaker economic conditions, lower revenues and spending rises to support the economy. Fiscal stimulus measures focusing on public investment, support to companies and exports and social assistance will directly increase the budget deficit (OECD, 2009a, 2009b). Torres (2009, p. 65) argued that: In a small open economy like Portugal, fiscal policy has limited effectiveness with regard to influencing aggregate demand. This applies even more to the current environment of financial distress and uncertainty, where banks will try to de-leverage and households to save. Moreover, the Portuguese economy is already particularly exposed due to its fragile financial position, as reflected in its accumulated external imbalances, which puts at stake the markets confidence in the sustainability of public finances. Given the risks involved for the costs of servicing the debt and ultimately for its solvency and permanence in EMU, it seems essential for the government to credibly pre-commit to medium-term budgetary objectives. It thereby signals its determination to pursue fiscal consolidation in spite of the temporary stimulating measures adopted within the EERP and to ensure that those exceptional measures do not mark a departure from budgetary sustainability. Moreover, external debt has been high and rising (figure 9) and, thus, leading Portugal to become the third eurozone economy to undergo a long-term credit rating reduction, to AA minus, by Standard Poors because of its failure to tackle deteriorating public finances (Torres, 2009, p.64). Finally, last but not least, Portugal is undergoing a strong disinflation process which is highlighted by the fall of the Consumer Price Index to its minimum levels (figure 10). European Central Bank council member and Bank of Portugal Governor Vitor Constancio is aware of the danger and has indicated that the ECB is prepared to reduce borrowing costs further to prevent inflation slowing significantly below its 2 percent ceiling, even going so far, if necessary, as to introduce some variant of quantitative easing. He still thinks it wont happen, but he is well aware of the possibility, as indeed we all should be (Hugh, 2009, p. 21). To conclude, it is important to point out that the inflation is expected to be under the OECD average during the whole 2010 to catch-up with the OECD countries after 2011 (figure 11). Furthermore, the danger of the risk of disinflation is real as shown in figure 12, where the harmonized index of consumer prices is expected to remain below the ceiling of 2% during the whole projected period. Conclusions: What should be done? The policy responses analysis has highlighted serious structural problems for Portugal and, as a matter of fact, Portuguese growth is expected to lag behind the OECD average during the whole 2010 and 2011 (figure 13). SUM UP PROBLEMS In fact, despite Portugal has made significant progress in fiscal consolidation and has launched important structural reforms to modernize the economy and enhance growth, in my opinion, additional structural reforms, in order to find a way out from the crisis, are still necessary, notably, in the following areas: Education The secondary education attainment should be improved since human capital represents one of the main durable determinants of growth in the long run. Moreover, reforming the educational system might enhance productivity performance. According to OECD (2009c), the reform should increase the proportion of education spending on non-wage items, continue to strengthen teachers on the job-training and to develop vocational and technical education and, finally, Portugal should fully implement a performance-based evaluation and career-progression system for teachers. Employment One of the clearest examples of the problems highlighted by the crisis is to be found in the stagnation of the labour market. It is essential to reform employment protection legislation with proposals aimed at enhancing the adaptability of the labour force, to address rigidities in labour market regulations and improve the efficiency of active labour market programs; otherwise the strictness of the Portuguese employment protection will continue to have negative effects on growth and productivity (OECD 2009c). Moreover, the unemployment rate is expected to be higher than the OECD average during the next two years (figure 14). Concerning the slow productivity growth problem, Blanchard (2007, p.8-20) suggests a decrease in nominal wages. Even if it sounds exotic, it can substantially reduce the employment cost of the adjustment. However, in Portugal today, the labor law forbids unjustified wage decreases and in practice rules out decreases in nominal wages for economic reasons. Business A deepening of the reform process is required to create a dynamic business environment by reducing the administrative burdens on business. Despite the importance of the recent reforms, a full implementation of them is essential. Competition in the whole economy should also be strengthened through investment in key infrastructure sectors, such as telecommunications, electricity and transportation, to enhance the quality, efficiency and quantity of the services they provide. This would have a direct effect on the cost-competitiveness of firms in Portugal, facilitate trade flows, domestically and internationally and make Portugal a more attractive destination for FDI, which has the potential to boost productivity (). Finally, OECD (2009c) recommends to harmonize regulations with major trading partners, including service sector standards and qualification requirements. Tax system A reform is necessary to simplify the tax system, broaden the corporate tax base and decrease tax expenditures in order to reduce fiscal imbalances. Designing and implementing fiscal consolidation remains a priority for Portugal because the deficit needs to be reduced. Silva (2008) provides empirical evidence that, in Portugal, taxes negatively affect productivity because an increase in the taxes decreases consumption, capital, output and welfare. Moreover, he states that for Portugal taxes are able to predict the pattern of the labour supply over the years. Therefore, the government should take into consideration how a tax system reform might serve a double objective: raise the productivity and reduce fiscal imbalances. Nevertheless, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Table 3. Actual and projected Macroeconomic evolutions, 2001-2007. Source: OECD

Deviation from Social Code: Analysis of Characters and Theme of The Age of Innocence

Edith Wharton’s The Age of Innocence (1920) is a detailed depiction of social conventions and decorum of the high society of New York during the late 19th century. One of the central themes of the novel is the struggle of an individual inside a rigid society. Order, loyalty, tradition and duty are the values upheld by the society where Newland Archer grew up. He is a lawyer, engaged to be married to May Welland, raised to be a perfect wife and mother according to society’s standards (Wharton, 1998).These same rules and standards dictate that she pretends to be ignorant of her fiance’s feelings toward Countess Ellen Olenska. For a long time, Newland and Ellen had to sacrifice their desires and feelings in order to maintain order in society. Society in The Age of Innocence shapes and directs the life of an individual, sacrificing what they truly want and truly believe in. Society’s forms and conventions decide how one should think and behave. Society’ s primary agent of its laws is the family, specifically the old money families belonging to the high society New York.These are the families with inherited wealth which separates them from the lower class. Their wealth is an important dimension in stratification because it ensures the financial stability of the future generation of the family. Their â€Å"old money† allows them a luxurious lifestyle without having the need to work. The greatest manifestation of the importance of order is seen in family. It is the foremost duty of the individual to promote and protect the harmony of his/her blood and marital relationships.The family disapproved Ellen’s decision to divorce his husband despite his being abusive and cruel to her. For them, it was just natural to endure little sacrifices to maintain the family. By going against their principles, she became an outcast; someone who is pitiful. At first, Newland was hesitant to be associated with Ellen. She has a bad reputatio n and he wanted nothing to do with her. However, the family expected him to help bring Ellen out in the public so he was forced to enter the Mingott’s opera box and introduce himself.And of course eventually, they hide their true feelings in fear of hurting their family. Following this duty to the family and society, a code of morality dictates the actions and thinking of the individual in whatever aspect of his/her life. May informed Newland of her passion by letting him guess that she â€Å"cares† for him as this is the only way a love of a young unmarried woman should be declared. She must conform to society’s perfect portrayal of a young maiden ? sexually innocent and ignorant on matters about affairs and passion (Barker-Benfield, 2000).She was fist seen with white lilies in the valley, unaware of sexual implications of the scenes in the play she is watching. Later in the book, it was established that from the start she was aware of Newland’s feelings towards the Countess but she chose to remain silent and follow the code of ignorance. Despite this knowledge, her wedding at Grace Church must continue to maintain the order on how things should be done. Newland has his own list of socially mandated duties according to Lawrence Lefferts and Sillerton Jackson, expert on manners and expert on family matters, respectively.Order in society is maintained through these rarefied practices to continue the continued existence of the civilization. The social code is strictly enforced by society which compromises the personal freedom of the individual (Charles, Davies & Harris, 2008). Sometimes a family member has to let go of his/her personal wants and follow the decision of the family to avoid economic and political sanctions. Newland and Ellen could not pursue each other in order to maintain their social integrity. Even a simple walk together cannot be done without arousing suspicion.To be divorced to a husband is frowned by society eventh ough that husband treats you badly, go out with other women even men. Her family wanted her to seek reconciliation with her husband in order to reaffirm the values of society. When she refused to do so, they cut off her allowance as a consequence for her decision. In the end, Ellen chose to maintain her individuality by leaving America, a price she had to pay. She was forced out of New York, condemned by her own family, who believed that she and Newland are having a secret affair.Newland defended the right of Ellen to be with another man: † ‘I'm sick of the hypocrisy that would bury alive a woman of her age if her husband prefers to live with harlots†¦ Women ought to be free – as free as we are,' he declared, making a discovery of which he was too irritated to measure the terrific consequences. † (Wharton, Book One, Chapter 5, p. 35) He condemned the double-standard prevalent in the society where a man can seek sexual pleasures outside a failed marriage but the woman cannot.He may have progressive views but he was unaware of their implications in his own very traditional marriage. But these codes exist not without loopholes. Those who found these loopholes are often despised but still accepted in the society. Hypocrisy is common and rampant in Old New York high society. Families attend balls and gatherings hosted by the same person they contempt for being so common who they would gladly exile following the collapse of his business. Lawrence Lefferts claims to be an expert in Christian virtues while snubbing Ellen for being a divorcee.Newland is aware that if he leaves May for Ellen, society’s sympathy will pour for May. She told Ellen of her pregnancy despite being unsure of it to drive her away from Newland. She was aware of Newland’s passion for Ellen but did not say anything. This society, with its rigid rules and conventions, was challenged by the arrival of a new society symbolized by the Beauforts and Countess Ellen Olenska. Though they were not successful in blending and harmonizing with the old society’s tradition, they opened new possibilities of otherwise closed-minded individuals.Towards the end of the novel, it became clear that a new order has taken over with fresh ideas and movements. They began to consider and attribute importance to different things such as interesting and artistic people. There was an obvious change of attitude to people like the Beauforts. Beaufort’s illegitimate daughter, Fanny, and her marriage with Dallas Archer were not objected by society. In fact they were fond of her bright personality. Society did not post any obstacle to Newland and Ellen being together but Newland was so stuck in the past that he failed to recognize that time has changed.

The Globalization of Culture - 1139 Words

The term â€Å"globalization† has been used more frequently in the late 20th century, and along with it is the ongoing development of trade, urbanization and the sharing of knowledge (Wikipedia). The constant rotation of the source of goods, knowledge, new ideas and the explosion of information technology and mass media has brought cultures into contact with each other. As an inevitable consequence, globalization has created an impact on culture, causing changes in three main aspects which are traditional values, human behavior and other forms of art and entertainment. First of all, globalization creates an alteration in different cultural values. Through an international information network made possible by globalization, we proceed to†¦show more content†¦Worldwide integration does not only affect the behavior of the consumer, but also changes habits which have implicitly become characteristic and customs. For example, the traditional culture of Italian coffee has more or less changed after the occurrence of Starbucks in Italy. The link between the Italian and the diverse, unique sidewalk coffee shops has been longstanding, becamoming a part of the life style of Italian people (â€Å"Globalization and Global Culture†, n.d.). Globalization makes peoples lives become busier, modeled coffee shops like Starbucks introduced take-away coffee, which can be brought to almost every places. As a result, people moving constantly and with the support of convenient products and quick meals offered by McDonalds, Coca-Cola or Starbucks, they spe nd less time making contact with people around. Apparently, globalization has transformed the culturals habits into a uniform industrial lifestyle. Lastly, art, an important aspect of culture, is also influenced by globalization. One of the consequences of globalization has become familiar is the proliferation of pop culture overpowered traditional art forms. 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